A hopper dredger 'rainbows' dredged sand onto a forming coastline. iStock / Freezingtime
A dredging vessel disperses sediment plumes into coastal waters off the UAE. iStock / kertu_ee
Essay · Southeast Asia
Sand Cartels
Illegal Dredging in Southeast Asia and Coastal Displacement
On Singapore’s demand for sand, and the communities losing land to supply it.
Read the essayAward-winning essay, Harvard International Review 2025







